4D Chicago

Chicago, summer 1835

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W A S D walk · Shift run · mouse look · E inspect · Esc release

Left thumb to walk · drag the right side to look · tap a building to inspect

build b7b90de · Sep 23, 2026, 7:14 PM CT

18351 July

Show only what is

Turning a level off removes it from the view entirely. It works with the colouring off too — that is how you see what is left of the town when only the recorded parts stand.

How to explore
W A S Dwalkmouselook around Shiftrunclick / Einspect a building Ffly or walkHthe menu Ggo to a placeMthe whole map
left stickwalkdrag rightlook around tapinspectFlyswitch walk / aerial view tap the mapsee the whole field
NE SW ↑ N000°
N map
On street
The whole field

Go to

How you get there
Your own pace, on the streets

These paces are how the camera moves, not claims about 1835: a light wagon, a horse, and a gallop on Shift; the sliders above set each one, and name the pace you are asking for. Choosing a place in Go to takes you there at the pace above, along the streets where they run — Fly lifts you over the town and sets you down at the door. Any movement of your own stops the ride; where no walkable route exists you are taken straight there, as before.

Browse by household

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How we grade

  • attested — a source attests this at the scene date
  • inferred — reasoned from evidence about this thing: a described location, a measured lot, an adjacent record
  • reconstructed — no source speaks to this one; built to fill a demonstrable need of the town, and drawn as dithered massing
  • not recorded — on a person's card, an attribute nothing asserts: no source records it and nothing has been invented to fill it. Most of what an 1835 resident's record could say is this, and saying so plainly is the point

Every building is clickable. The tint and the citation come from the same record, so they cannot drift apart. Dimensional uncertainty is separate: a building can be well documented in character and still have a guessed size, and the popup says so.

What we made up

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About this list

Straight from the project's append-only docs/LIBERTIES.md. Every value a record states without evidence is named in this list — an invented outline or placement, and equally a roof, a height or a porch chosen because it was usual rather than because it was found. An entry says which inventions it admits to — the dashed chips — and the commit gate checks those claims against the records both ways, failing if an invention has no admission or an admission has no invention. The rule now runs the other way as well: where a record states something the model does not build — a stable, a painted sign, a chimney count no generator reads — the popup marks that row not built or not modelled from this, and it too has to be named here. A well-evidenced feature you cannot see is as much a gap as an invention you can.

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The ground you stand on

About this list

The buildings are not the only things making claims here. The terrain is a research record too — a documented water surface, three division levels argued out of period narrative feet, a bank face and a river cross-section that no source describes at all — and it dithers under the confidence view like everything else while never saying what was graded. These are its own statements, each with its figures, its reasoning and its citation, straight from the epoch's terrain_spec.json. Where a claim has no reasoning recorded, it says so.

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What was living here

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About this list

Ten habitats and every animal researched into them, stated for 1 July rather than for the year — which is the whole difficulty of the dataset, because July is the quietest wildlife date in the Chicago calendar. The birds are mostly done singing, the ducks are flightless and in cover, and several of the animals a reader expects are here only as sign or are not here at all. Each record says whether you would see it, hear it, or find only its tracks, how many, what it would be doing, and the sources behind all three. None of them is drawn in the scene. This is the research, published where a visitor can read it, and not a claim that the town in front of you is populated.

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What grows here

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About this list

Ten plant communities and every species researched into them, recorded for 1 July — what each one is doing in its community, how much of it the record asks for, how tall and how wide, whether it is in flower on the day, and the sources behind all of it. The communities' boundaries are the weakest claim here and each says so: the vegetation is documented, but no survey drew the line between one community and the next. Where a community asks for more small plants than the sward lattice can hold, the card says what share of the record you are actually standing in — under the dense timber it is half of one per cent, and that is a limit of the drawing and not a gap in the research.

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What is not here

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About this list

Two different findings share this one list, and the chip is how to tell them apart: an entry marked not until a later year is dated after 1 July 1835, and an entry with no chip at all had already come down. Each carries the citation the decision rests on. The view from the air stays the honest picture of the rest.

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What is still an open question

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About this list

Which is why they are not on the list of what is not here: a structure standing in the scene cannot be filed under what is not here. Each entry says what is open, what settling it would change, and the evidence it rests on — or that it rests on none.

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The town’s people

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About this list

The known population of 1 July 1835 — everybody the sources actually name — profiled one axis at a time: headcount, sex, age, origin and arrival, roles, households, lodging, where they meet the buildings, and what kinds of people the sources show. Every row carries the tier its evidence earns, and the closing axis lists what the town should have held and the tickets that will supply it. Nobody here is invented: the reconstructed grade stands at zero on purpose.

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Units

Movement

Walking, wagon and horse speeds live under Travel.

Why this default

The default, 1.68 m, is the mean stature of an adult man in the 1830s United States — this walkthrough puts your eye where a person of the period had theirs, which is lower than a modern viewer expects and lower than the prairie grass beside you, because both of those are true of the place. Raise it if the view is uncomfortable; it changes only the camera, never the town.

View

Why this default

These are worn earth tracks through prairie grass, and how much bare earth shows is a modelled figure with its own evidence behind it — so the default paints them exactly as the record describes. Raise this if they are hard to follow: on a phone in daylight, or if faint contrast is difficult to see. It changes nothing but how strongly the roads are painted on your screen, and it is not a claim that 1835 Chicago's streets looked bolder than this.

Why this default

The scene is lit by a sky whose colour was matched to a July photograph taken at this latitude, and the default position of this slider is that measured light — which is why it says "calibrated" rather than showing a number. Raise it if the scene is hard to see: a dim room, a bright window, a phone at arm's length. It opens the exposure by up to one photographic stop and changes nothing else — no wall, roof or street is a different colour underneath it, and the brighter end is not a second reconstruction of how 1835 looked. All of this project's own measurements are taken at the calibrated position whatever you choose here.

Performance

Show

Navigation guide
WASD
walk
Shift
run
mouse
look around
click
inspect a building — its attributes and citations
C
confidence view
F
free-fly — rise above the town
Space Q
up / down (while flying)
G
go to a viewpoint, a building or a street corner
M
the whole map — the small one shows the ground around you
N
what's new
H
this menu
Esc
release the cursor
left stick
walk
push it fully
run
drag right
look around
tap
inspect a building
tap the map
the whole field — the small one shows the ground around you
Go to
the tab beside this one — every viewpoint, building and corner
Fly
rise above the town — ▲ ▼ appear bottom-right
Walking to